Laubscher DH & Esterhuizen GS 1994 Inclined drawpoint caving a cave mining method Proceedings XVth Commonwealth Mining and Metallurgical Institutions Congress South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and Geological Society
Cave mining progresses to depths exceeding 1000 m and ore bodies situated in competent and strong rock masses are nowadays extracted by different cave mining methods Widely applied caving methods in massive deposits are block and panel caving inclined caving and sublevel caving All caving methods have in common that rock mass caves during
Block caving mining method is one of the most viable and preferred mass underground mining methods for low grade orebody However in combined surface and underground mining the breakthrough of an underground caving under an open pit may result in subsidence at the bottom of the pit This can pose a serious threat for the stability of the pit and
Longwall Longwall in coal Longwall in Hard Rock Sublevel Caving Characteristics of the ore body and mining method Development Production Equipments Used Block Caving Introduction Historical
The paper commences with a history of Finsch Mine and highlights the complex geology and threat of sidewall failure that prompted the decision to use block caving as the mining method for Block 4 A literature study of mines that implemented mining methods upon which the incline cave was conceptualized is then presented
Block caving is a mining method with large productivity/mass mining Remote control systems for ore drawing and mucking are unavoidable to improve safety and pursue production targets The deployment and mastery of this remote control technology system should be supported by providing training/internships for prospective operators working in
The block caving mining method is used to mine large orebodies in weak rock types The layout for block caving requires that a considerable amount of development is carried oul on the extraction drives and drawpoinlS at the bottom of the caving block The development further weakens the rock mass
5 A Practical Manual on Block Caving Download PDF Date Published October 2000 Authors Dennis H Laubscher The Block Cave Manual has been built mainly around and/or influenced by the experiences of Dr Laubscher in countries such as Zimbabwe South Africa Chile North America and the Philippines Case histories from caving operations such as
Mine planning engineers perform production schedule optimization to determine the time sequence in which ore blocks should be extracted to maximize value For mines transitioning from a surface mining method to an underground extraction method transition mines the production schedule optimization is complex with no applicable solutions We
Mining costs including all direct indirect and fixed costs except royalty and lease payments ranged from $ per ton for chamber and pillar to $ per ton for block caving using LHD s
The increasing move to block cave mining methods including sublevel and panel caving to access deeper and lower grade ore deposits as near surface sources become exhausted raises questions as to
The first documented underground mine which applied the block caving method was the Pewabic iron mine in 1895 [43] Although the block caving method has been known for over a decade its massive deployment has only occurred in the last twenty years During that time the number of cave mining projects increased almost four times from 17 to over
The economic benefit of block caving which is the only mining method can be comparable to that of open pit mining because block caving has a lot of advantages such as large production capacity convenience in production organization and
The block cave mining method is capital intensive and can cost anywhere between $2 and $10 billion While that is comparable to the cost of starting an open pit mining operation block caving
Understanding the initiation and propagation of caving and its successful characterization is the first stage in developing a reliable method for assessing and predicting rock mass cavability 3 The most used methods for prediction of block caving cavability are empirical and numerical methods The use of empirical methods to estimate cave propagation behavior
Laubschers gravity flow principles for block caving mine design widely used by the industry were initially derived in the 1980s using a combination of sand physical models and observation in the field of the flow of finely fragmented caved rock
Block caving is the lowest cost underground mining method but it has relatively high risks and a high up front capital and development cost It has application to large often lower grade orebodies where high production rates can provide good returns on the investment However it has a range of technical risks that are peculiar to block caving and the usual financial political
The block cave mining method is capital intensive and can cost anywhere between $2 and $10 billion While that is comparable to the cost of starting an open pit mining operation block caving
The block caving is one of the most commonly used methods in underground mining of massive low/high grades and deep deposits As a result of undercutting caving occurs and propagates toward the upper part of the ore block It is essential to predict the height of caved ore and its volume based on shape of the caved zone to make an economic decision
As a mass mining method block caving results in significant ground collapse and extensive surface deformations Yet despite having been in use for more than 100 years there has been limited research conducted regarding the impact of caving on surface subsidence Of concern is the locating of mine infrastructure on surface or the impact ground
This has helped drive global interest in cost effective underground mining methods like block caving which can be a viable alternative for consideration in mineral project evaluation DAVID SPROTT is a principal and senior mining engineer with Golder based in Vancouver He has 35 years of experience in the mining industry that includes
The Discrete Fracture Network Block Caving Fragmentation hybrid method A new tool to assess fragmentation of block caving mining projects Caving 2022 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Block and Sublevel Caving Caving 2022 2022 Arndt S;
SUMMARY Three dimensional finite elements simulate an isolated ore block located in a homogeneous isotropic and linearly elastic medium Average field conditions for the block s geologic geometric and material properties are assumed Using the finite element model the influence of undercut of different dimensions and tectonic stresses upon the caving process is
The block caving mining method has become increasingly popular in the last two decades Meanwhile Indonesia has several potential ore bodies which have not yet determined suitable mining methods